Monosaccharides ( mono– = “one” sacchar– = “sweet”) are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose. Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. This formula also explains the origin of the term “carbohydrate”: the components are carbon (“carbo”) and the components of water (hence, “hydrate”). In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. Carbohydrates also have other important functions in humans, animals, and plants.Ĭarbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH 2O) n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule.
Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. Athletes, in contrast, often “carb-load” before important competitions to ensure that they have enough energy to compete at a high level. To lose weight, some individuals adhere to “low-carb” diets. Most people are familiar with carbohydrates, one type of macromolecule, especially when it comes to what we eat. Identify several major functions of carbohydrates.Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
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